Penggunaan
Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan sesuatu yang dimulai pada masa lampau dan sampai sekarang masaih berhubungan atau masih berlangsung, fokus pada tense ini pada kata kerja/aktifitas. Dalam hal ini kata penunjuk waktu for three minutes, for two weeks, since monday dan lain-lain sering digunakan.
Contoh :
We have been waiting here for over two hours!
Kami telah menunggu di sini selama lebih dari dua jam!
Fauzia has been teaching at the university since August.
Fauzia telah mengajar di universitas sejak Agustus.
She has been waiting for the bus for hours.
Dia telah menunggu bus selama berjam-jam.
I have been working here since 2007
Saya sudah bekerja di sini sejak 2007
What have you been doing for the last 10 minutes?
Apa yang telah kamu lakukan selama 10 menit terakhir?
Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu peristiwa atau kejadian yang baru saja terjadi tanpa menambahkan kata penunjuk waktu (for two weeks, since 2007,etc) tetapi dengan menggunakan kata penunjuk waktu yang lebih umum seperti “baru saja” atau pun tidak menggunakan kata penunjuk waktu sama sekali.
Contoh :
Recently, I have been feeling really tired.
Akhir-akhir ini, saya merasa sangat lelah.
Have you been exercising lately?
Apakah Anda berolahraga belakangan ini?
He has been watching too many videos.
Dia terlalu banyak menonton video.
Munawaroh has been feeling a little depressed.
Munawaroh merasa sedikit tertekan.
Sartika has not been practicing her English.
Sartika belum mempraktikkan bahasa Inggrisnya.
Kata-kata penanda waktu
| All day | Sepanjang hari |
| The whole day | Sepanjang hari |
| Since | Sejak |
| For | selama |
Bentuk Present Perfect Continuous Tense
| Subject | Auxiliary Verb | – | Been | Verb+ing | ||
| + | I | have | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. | |
| + | We | have | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. | |
| + | You | have | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. | |
| + | They | have | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. | |
| + | He | has | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. | |
| + | She | has | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. | |
| + | It | has | been | sleeping | For 3 hours. | |
| + | Budi | has | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. | |
| + | Ani and Wati | have | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. | |
| – | I | have | not | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. |
| – | We | have | not | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. |
| – | You | have | not | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. |
| – | They | have | not | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. |
| – | He | has | not | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. |
| – | She | has | not | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. |
| – | It | has | not | been | sleeping | for 3 hours. |
| – | Budi | has | not | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. |
| – | Ani and Wati | have | not | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. |
| ? | have | I | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. | |
| ? | have | We | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. | |
| ? | have | You | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. | |
| ? | have | They | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. | |
| ? | has | He | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. | |
| ? | has | She | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. | |
| ? | has | It | been | sleeping | for 3 hours. | |
| ? | has | Budi | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. | |
| ? | have | Ani and Wati | been | playing | Chess for 3 hours. |
- Auxiliary Verb have, berubah sesuai dengan bentuk subjeknya (have/has).
- Menggunakan been di antara have/has dan kata kerja utama.
- Main verb (kata kerja utama) menggunakan bentuk present participle/V+ing
- Untuk membentuk kalimat negatif, kata not ditambahkan diantara Auxiliary Verb dan been.
- Untuk membentuk kalimat tanya (interogatif), subjek diletakkan setelah Auxiliary Verb.
Kata kerja khusus dalam Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- Kata kerja dalam Present Perfect Continuous Tense yang sering digunakan adalah kata kerja yang menggambarkan sebuah proses.
- Baik Present Perfect maupun Present Perfect Continuous dapat menggunakan kata kerja yang menggambarkan suatu aksi atau tindakan.
- Kata kerja yang mengungkapkan keadaan (state verb) hanya dapat digunakan dalam Present Perfect.
Do sebagai main verb (kata kerja utama)
| I, We, You , They | |
| + | I have been doing an exercise. |
| + | We have been doing an exercise. |
| + | You have been doing an exercise. |
| + | They have been doing an exercise. |
| – | I have not been doing an exercise. |
| – | We have not been doing an exercise. |
| – | You have not been doing an exercise. |
| – | They have not been doing an exercise. |
| ? | Have I been doing an exercise ? |
| ? | Have we been doing an exercise ? |
| ? | Have you been doing an exercise ? |
| ? | Have they been doing an exercise ? |
| He, She, It | |
| + | He has been doing an exercise. |
| + | She has been doing an exercise |
| + | It has been doing an exercise. |
| – | He has not been doing an exercise. |
| – | She has not been doing an exercise. |
| – | It has not been doing an exercise. |
| ? | Has he been doing an exercise ? |
| ? | Has she been doing an exercise ? |
| ? | Has it been doing an exercise ? |
Bentuk panjang dan bentuk pendek dari Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense dibentuk dengan menggunakan auxiliary have, oleh karena itu bentuk kalimat di dalam Present Perfect Tense sering kali dibentuk pendek.
| POSITIVE | |
| Long Form | Short Form |
| I, We, You, They | I, We, You, They |
| I have gone | I’ve gone |
| He, She, It | He, She, It |
| He has been going | He’s been going |
| NEGATIVE (HAVE NOT) | |
| Long Form | Short Form |
| I, We, You, They | I, We, You, They |
| I have not been going | I haven’t been going |
| He, She, It | He, She, It |
| He has not been going | He hasn’t been going |
Kesalahan-kesalahan umum yang sering terjadi pada Present Perfect Continuous Tense
We have been wait here for over two hours! (salah)
We have been waiting here for over two hours! (benar)
Keterangan : Karena struktur kalimat present perfect continuous tense adalah have/has been + V+ing
I have sat here for five hours. (salah)
I have been sitting here for five hours. (benar)
Katerangan : Karena kata kerja sat (sit) termasuk dalam non-stative verbs oleh karena itu sering digunakan dalam bentuk continuous + ing.
Demikian penjelasan lengkap dari Present Perfect Continuous Tense, Semoga bermanfaat.