Category: Tenses

Penjelasan Simple Future Tense Lengkap

Penggunaan

Simple Future Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan aktifitas atau tindakan yang bersifat sukarela, bisa juga digunakan untuk merespon permintaan tolong dari seseorang. Simple future tense juga digunakan untuk jika kita mengharapkan bantuan kepada orang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu. Dalam hal ini membentuk kalimat dengan menggunakan kata will atau will not untuk kalimat negatifnya.

Contoh :

I will send you the information when I get it.
Saya akan mengirimkan Anda informasi ketika saya mendapatkannya.
I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.
Saya akan menerjemahkan emailnya, sehingga Tuan Smith dapat membacanya.
Will you help me move this heavy table?
Maukah Anda membantu saya memindahkan meja yang berat ini?
Will you make dinner?
Apakah Anda akan membuat makan malam?
I will not do your homework for you.
Saya tidak akan melakukan pekerjaan rumah Anda untuk Anda.

Simple Future tense dengan menggunakan kata will juga bisa berfungsi untuk mengungkapkan suatu janji terhadap seseorang.

Contoh :

I will call you when I arrive.
Saya akan menghubungi Anda ketika saya tiba.
If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has access to inexpensive health insurance.
Jika saya terpilih sebagai Presiden Amerika Serikat, saya akan memastikan semua orang memiliki akses ke asuransi kesehatan yang murah.
I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
Aku berjanji tidak akan memberitahunya tentang pesta kejutan itu.
Don’t worry, I’ll be careful.
Jangan khawatir, saya akan berhati-hati.
I won’t tell anyone your secret.
Saya tidak akan memberitahu siapa pun rahasiamu.
I promise I will buy you this toy.
Aku berjanji akan membelikanmu mainan ini.
Swear you will never leave me!
Bersumpah kau tidak akan pernah meninggalkanku!
You have my guarantee I will never do it again.
Anda memiliki jaminan saya, saya tidak akan pernah melakukannya lagi.
I will do my best!
Aku akan melakukan yang terbaik!

Simple future tense bisa digunakan untuk menggambarkan rencana di masa depan dengan menggunakan kata be going to. Kata be going to digunakan dalam simple future tense ketika ada seseorang berinisiatif untuk melakukan aktifitas atau tindakan tertentu di masa depan walaupun rencana tersebut realistis atau tidak.

Contoh :

He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii.
Dia akan menghabiskan liburannya di Hawaii.
She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.
Dia tidak akan menghabiskan liburannya di Hawaii.
I’m going to be an actor when I grow up.
Saya akan menjadi aktor ketika saya dewasa.
Michelle is going to begin medical school next year.
Michelle akan memulai sekolah kedokteran tahun depan.
They are going to drive all the way to Alaska.
Mereka akan pergi ke Alaska.

Simple future tense bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan prediksi di masa depan. Dalam membentuk kalimat prediksi ini, penggunaan will atau be going to tidak ditentukan oleh subjeknya. Jadi will dan be going to mempunyai arti yang sama.

Contoh :

The year 2024 will be a very interesting year.
Tahun 2024 akan menjadi tahun yang sangat menarik.
The year 2024 is going to be a very interesting year.
Tahun 2024 akan menjadi tahun yang sangat menarik.
John Smith will be the next President.
John Smith akan menjadi Presiden berikutnya.
John Smith is going to be the next President.
John Smith akan menjadi Presiden berikutnya.

Kata-kata penunjuk waktu

Tonight Malam ini
This afternoon Sore ini
Tomorrow Besok
Next week Minggu depan
Next month Bulan depan
Next year Tahun depan
Soon Segera

Struktur Simple Future Tense

Simple Future dengan will

Kalimat Nominal

  Subject Auxiliary Verb “will” – Be (verb 1)  
+ I will   be At home today.
+ We will   be At home today.
+ You will   be At home today.
+ They will   be At home today.
+ He will   be At home today.
+ She will   be At home today.
+ It will   be At home today.
+ Budi will   be At home today.
+ Ani and Wati will   be At home today.
– I will not be At home today.
– We will not be At home today.
– You will not be At home today.
– They will not be At home today.
– He will not be At home today.
– She will not be At home today.
– It will not be At home today.
– Budi will not be At home today.
– Ani and Wati will not be At home today.
? will I   be At home today.
? will We   be At home today.
? will You   be At home today.
? will They   be At home today.
? will He   be At home today.
? will She   be At home today.
? will It   be At home today.
? will Budi   be At home today.
? will Ani and Wati   be At home today.

Kalimat verbal

  Subject Auxliary Verb “will”   Main Verb (verb 1)  
+ I will   go To the gym tomorrow.
+ We will   go To the gym tomorrow.
+ You will   go To the gym tomorrow.
+ They will   go To the gym tomorrow.
+ He will   go To the gym tomorrow.
+ She will   go To the gym tomorrow.
+ It will   go To the gym tomorrow.
+ Budi will   go To the gym tomorrow.
– Ani and Wati will   go To the gym tomorrow.
– I will not go To the gym tomorrow.
– We will not go To the gym tomorrow.
– You will not go To the gym tomorrow.
– They will not go To the gym tomorrow.
– He will not go To the gym tomorrow.
– She will not go To the gym tomorrow.
– It will not go To the gym tomorrow.
– Budi will not go To the gym tomorrow.
– Ani and Wati will not go To the gym tomorrow.
? will I   go To the gym tomorrow ?
? will We   go To the gym tomorrow ?
? will You   go To the gym tomorrow ?
? will They   go To the gym tomorrow ?
? will He   go To the gym tomorrow ?
? will She   go To the gym tomorrow ?
? will It   go To the gym tomorrow ?
? will Budi   go To the gym tomorrow ?
? will Ani and Wati   go To the gym tomorrow ?
  • Auxiliary verb “will” selalu digunakan dalam simple future tense.
  • Untuk kalimat nominal, “be” digunakan setelah auxiliary verb “will”.
  • Untuk kalimat verbal, kata kerjanya selalu dalam bentuk dasar.
  • Untuk kalimat negatif, “not” ditambahkan di antara auxiliary verb “will” dan kata kerja utama.
  • Untuk kalimat pertanyaan, auxiliary verb “will” diletakkan sebelum subjek.

Simple future dengan “be going to”

Kalimat Nominal

  Subject Be – Going to Be (Verb 1)  
+ I am   going to be at school today.
+ We are   going to be at school today.
+ You are   going to be at school today.
+ They are   going to be at school today.
+ He is   going to be at school today.
+ She is   going to be at school today.
+ It is   going to be at your house today.
+ Budi is   going to be at school today.
+ Ani and Wati are   going to be at school today.
– I am not going to be at school today.
– We are not going to be at school today.
– You are not going to be at school today.
– They are not going to be at school today.
– He is not going to be at school today.
– She is not going to be at school today.
– It is not going to be at your house today.
– Budi is not going to be at school today.
– Ani and Wati are not going to be at school today.
? Am I   going to be at school today.
? Are We   going to be at school today.
? Are You   going to be at school today.
? Are They   going to be at school today.
? Is He   going to be at school today.
? Is She   going to be at school today.
? Is It   going to be at your house today.
? Is Budi   going to be at school today.
? Are Ani and Wati   going to be at school today.

Kalimat Verbal

  Subject Be – Going to Be (Verb 1)  
+ I am   going to be at school today.
+ We are   going to be at school today.
+ You are   going to be at school today.
+ They are   going to be at school today.
+ He is   going to be at school today.
+ She is   going to be at school today.
+ It is   going to be at your house today.
+ Budi is   going to be at school today.
+ Ani and Wati are   going to be at school today.
– I am not going to be at school today.
– We are not going to be at school today.
– You are not going to be at school today.
– They are not going to be at school today.
– He is not going to be at school today.
– She is not going to be at school today.
– It is not going to be at your house today.
– Budi is not going to be at school today.
– Ani and Wati are not going to be at school today.
? Am I   going to be at school today.
? Are We   going to be at school today.
? Are You   going to be at school today.
? Are They   going to be at school today.
? Is He   going to be at school today.
? Is She   going to be at school today.
? Is It   going to be at your house today.
? Is Budi   going to be at school today.
? Are Ani and Wati   going to be at school today.
  • “be going to” digunakan dalam simple future tense untuk menyatakan rencana di masa datang.
  • Bentuk “be” dalam “be going to” berubah sesuai dengan subjeknya (am, is, are).
  • Untuk kalimat nominal, bentuk dasar “be” diletakkan setelah “be going to”. Untuk kalimat verbal, kata kerja utama dalam bentuk dasar (verb 1) diletakkan setelah “be going to”.
  • Untuk kalimat negatif, “not” ditambahkan diantara “am/is/are” dan “going to”.
  • Untuk kalimat pertanyaan, “to be” (am/is/are) diletakkan sebelum subjek.

Long form (bentuk panjang) dan Short form dalam Simple Future Tense

 

POSITIF

Long Form

Short Form

I, You, She, He, It, We, They

I will go

I’ll go

NEGATIF

I, You, She, He, It, We, They

I will not go

I won’t go atau I’ll not go

Penjelasan Lengkap Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Penggunaan

Past Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan menunjukkan suatu aktifitas atau peristiwa yang dimulai pada masa lampau dan berlanjut hingga waktu lain di masa lampau. for ten minutes, for two weeks dan lain-lain biasanya di periode tersebut sering digunakan dalam past perfect continuous tense.

Contoh :

They had been talking for over an hour before Anton arrived.
Mereka sudah bicara lebih dari satu jam sebelum Anton datang.

Mahmud wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work.
Mahmud ingin duduk karena dia berdiri sepanjang hari di tempat kerja.

Jonathan had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Africa.
Jonathan telah mengajar di universitas selama lebih dari setahun sebelum dia pergi ke Afrika.

How long had you been waiting to get on the bus?
Berapa lama Anda menunggu untuk naik bus?

She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business.
Dia telah bekerja di perusahaan itu selama tiga tahun ketika perusahaan itu gulung tikar.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense berfungsi untuk mengungkapkan suatu alasan tindakan yang dilakukan di masa lampau. Dalam hal ini Past Perfect Continuous Tense seringkali digunakan untuk menggambarkan kalimat sebab-akibat.

Contoh :

Joko was tired because he had been jogging.
Joko lelah karena dia jogging.

Susi failed the final test because she had not been attending class.
Susi gagal ujian akhir karena dia tidak menghadiri kelas.

Prabowo gained weight because he had been overeating.
Prabowo bertambah gemuk karena dia makan berlebihan.

Past Continuous dan Past Perfect Continuous

Pada past perfect continuous tense tidak menggunakan kata-kata yang menunjukkan periode waktu seperti for five minutes, for two weeks dan lain-lain kita lebih terbiasa menggunakan past continuous tense dari pada past perfect continuous tense. Past Continuous Tense menekankan pada aktifitas yang tertangguhkan, akan tetapi past perfect continuous tense menekankan pada periode waktu sebelum aktifitas yang lain di masa lampau.

Contoh :

He was tired because he was exercising so hard.
Kalimat diatas menekankan bahwa dia merasa lelah karena dia berlatih sangat keras pada saat itu.

He was tired because he had been exercising so hard.
Kalimat diatas menekankan bahwa dia lelah karena telah berlatih keras pada kurun waktu tertentu di masa lampau. Mungkin saja dia masih terus berlatih pada waktu itu.

Kata-kata penunjuk waktu

Dalam Past perfect continuous tense biasanya bersamaan dengan simple past. Sangat perlu diperhatikan ketika past perfect continuous dan simple past tense dikombinasikan dalam satu kalimat :

Aktifitas pertama, aktifitas yang baru saja diselesaikan atau masih berlangsung sebelum aktifitas yang lain dilakukan => Past Perfect Continuous Tense.

Aktifitas kedua => Simple past.

Struktur Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Subject Auxiliary Verb Been Verb-ing
+ I had been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
+ We had been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
+ You had been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
+ They had been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
+ He had been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
+ She had been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
+ It had been sleeping For four hours before Lilis came to visit.
+ Budi had been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
+ Ani and Wati had been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
– I had not been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
– We had not been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
– You had not been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
– They had not been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
– He had not been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
– She had not been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
– It had not been sleeping For four hours before Lilis came to visit.
– Budi had not been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
– Ani and Wati had not been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
? had I been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
? had We been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
? had You been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
? had They been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
? had He been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
? had She been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
? had It been sleeping For four hours before Lilis came to visit.
? had Budi been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.
? had Ani and Wati been cleaning All week, before Lilis came to visit.

Long Form (bentuk panjang) dan Short Form (bentuk pendek) di Past Perfect Continuous Tense

POSITIVE
Long Form Short Form
I, You, He, She, It, We, They
I had been reading I’d been reading
You had been reading You’d been reading
He had been reading He’d been reading
She had been reading She’d been reading
It had been reading It’d been reading
We had been reading We’d been reading
They had been reading They’d been reading

 

NEGATIVE
Long Form Short Form
I, You, He, She, It, We, They
I had not been reading I’d not been reading/I hadn’t been reading
You had not been reading You’d not been reading/You hadn’t been reading
He had not been reading He’d not been reading/He hadn’t been reading
She had not been reading She’d not been reading/She hadn’t been reading
It had not been reading It’d not been reading/It hadn’t been reading
We had not been reading We’d not been reading/We hadn’t been reading
They had not been reading They’d not been reading/They hadn’t been reading

 

Penjelasan Lengkap Past Perfect Tense

Penggunaan

Past Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu pendapat yang terpikir sebelum peristiwa atau aktifitas tertentu terjadi di masa lalu. Hal ini juga menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu yang telah terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lampau.

Contoh :

I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.
Saya tidak punya uang karena Saya kehilangan dompet saya.

I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Pattaya.
Saya belum pernah melihat pantai sebagai itu sebelum saya pergi ke Pattaya.

Rahman knew Yogyakarta so well because he had visited the city several times.
Rahman mengenal Yogyakarta sangat baik karena dia pernah berkunjung ke kota Yogyakarta beberapa kali.

Had Annisa ever studied Arabic before she moved to Medina?
Apakah Annisa pernah belajar bahasa Arab sebelum dia pindah ke Madinah ?

Tania had never been to an opera before last night.
Tania belum pernah ke opera sebelum semalam.

Past Perfect Tense juga berfungsi untuk menggambarkan durasi atau periode (kurun waktu) terjadinya suatu peristiwa atau aktifitas tertentu di masa lampau sampai sesuatu aktifitas atau peristiwa yang lain terjadi juga di masa lampau.

Contoh :

We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.
Kami memiliki mobil itu selama sepuluh tahun sebelum mobil itu mogok.

By the time Anton finished his studies, he had been in Yogyakarta for over eight years.
Pada saat Anton menyelesaikan studinya, dia sudah berada di Yogyakarta selama lebih dari delapan tahun.

They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than fifty years.
Mereka merasa sedih menjual rumah itu karena sudah memilikinya selama lebih dari lima puluh tahun.

Struktur Past Perfect Tense

Kalimat Nominal

Subject Auxiliary Verb – Been (Verb 3) –
+ I had been To Yogyakarta before 2003
+ We had been To Yogyakarta before 2003
+ You had been To Yogyakarta before 2003
+ They had been To Yogyakarta before 2003
+ He had been To Yogyakarta before 2003
+ She had been To Yogyakarta before 2003
+ It had been To Yogyakarta before 2003
+ Budi had been To Yogyakarta before 2003
+ Ani and Wati had been To Yogyakarta before 2003
– I had not been To Yogyakarta before 2003
– We had not been To Yogyakarta before 2003
– You had not been To Yogyakarta before 2003
– They had not been To Yogyakarta before 2003
– He had not been To Yogyakarta before 2003
– She had not been To Yogyakarta before 2003
– It had not been To Yogyakarta before 2003
– Budi had not been To Yogyakarta before 2003
– Ani and Wati had not been To Yogyakarta before 2003
? had I been To Yogyakarta before 2003
? had We been To Yogyakarta before 2003
? had You been To Yogyakarta before 2003
? had They been To Yogyakarta before 2003
? had He been To Yogyakarta before 2003
? had She been To Yogyakarta before 2003
? had It been To Yogyakarta before 2003
? had Budi been To Yogyakarta before 2003
? had Ani and Wati been To Yogyakarta before 2003

Kalimat Verbal

Subject Auxiliary Verb Main Verb (verb 3)
+ I had cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
+ We had cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
+ You had cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
+ They had cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
+ He had cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
+ She had cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
+ It had slept before Mr. Iwan came
+ Budi had cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
+ Ani and Wati had cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
– I had not cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
– We had not cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
– You had not cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
– They had not cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
– He had not cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
– She had not cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
– It had not slept before Mr. Iwan came
– Budi had not cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
– Ani and Wati had not cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
? had I cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
? had We cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
? had You cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
? had They cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
? had He cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
? had She cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
? had It slept before Mr. Iwan came
? had Budi cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came
? had Ani and Wati cleaned The house before Mr. Iwan came

Kata Kerja Khusus dalam Past Perfect Tense

be sebagai full verb

I, We, You, They, He, She, It
+ I had been to Denpasar.
+ We had been to Denpasar.
+ You had been to Denpasar.
+ They had been to Denpasar.
+ He had been to Denpasar.
+ She had been to Denpasar.
+ It had been there for hours.
– I had not been to Denpasar.
– We had not been to Denpasar.
– You had not been to Denpasar.
– They had not been to Denpasar.
– He had not been to Denpasar.
– She had not been to Denpasar.
– It had not been there for hours.
? Had I been to Denpasar ?
? Had we been to Denpasar ?
? Had you been to Denpasar ?
? Had they been to Denpasar ?
? Had he been to Denpasar ?
? Had she been to Denpasar ?
? Had it been there for hours ?

do sebagai full verb

I, We, You, They, He, She, It
+ I had done an exercise.
+ We had done an exercise.
+ You had done an exercise.
+ They had done an exercise.
+ He had done an exercise.
+ She had done an exercise.
+ It had done an exercise.
– I had not done an exercise.
– We had not done an exercise.
– You had not done an exercise.
– They had not done an exercise.
– He had not done an exercise.
– She had not done an exercise.
– It had not done an exercise.
? Had I done an exercise ?
? Had we done an exercise ?
? Had you done an exercise ?
? Had they done an exercise ?
? Had he done an exercise ?
? Had she done an exercise ?
? Had it done an exercise ?

have sebagai full verb

I, We, You, They, He, She, It
+ I had got a message.
+ We had got a message.
+ You had got a message.
+ They had got a message.
+ He had got a message.
+ She had got a message.
+ It had got a message.
– I had not got a message.
– We had not got a message.
– You had not got a message.
– They had not got a message.
– He had not got a message.
– She had not got a message.
– It had not got a message.
? Had I got a message ?
? Had we got a message ?
? Had you got a message ?
? Had they got a message ?
? Had he got a message ?
? Had she got a message ?
? Had it got a message ?

Long Form (bentuk panjang) dan Short Form (bentuk pendek) Past Perfect Tense

POSITIVE
Long Form Short Form
I, You, He, She, It, We, They
I had gone I’d gone
You had gone You’d gone
He had gone He’d gone
She had gone She’d gone
It had gone It’d gone
We had gone We’d gone
They had gone They’d gone

 

NEGATIVE
Long Form Short Form
I, You, He, She, It, We, They
I had not gone I’d not gone/I hadn’t gone
You had not gone You’d not gone/You hadn’t gone
He had not gone He’d not gone/He hadn’t gone
She had not gone She’d not gone/She hadn’t gone
It had not gone It’d not gone/It hadn’t gone
We had not gone We’d not gone/We hadn’t gone
They had not gone They’d not gone/They hadn’t gone

 

Penjelasan Past Continuous Tense Lengkap

Penggunaan

Past Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu tindakan atau aktifitas di masa lalu yang ditangguhkan, penangguhan tersebut bisa disebabkan karena ada aktifitas lain atau hal lain.

Contoh :

I was watching TV when she called.
Saya sedang menonton TV ketika dia menelepon.

When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.
Ketika telepon berdering, dia menulis surat.

I was listening to my iPod, so I didn’t hear the fire alarm.
Saya mendengarkan iPod saya, jadi saya tidak mendengar alarm kebakaran.

You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven off.
Anda tidak mendengarkan saya ketika saya mengatakan untuk mematikan oven.

While Joko was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.
Ketika Joko tidur tadi malam, seseorang mencuri mobilnya.

Past Continuous Tense juga digunakan untuk menggambarkan dua atau lebih tindakan yang waktu melakukannya di masa lampau.

contoh :

I was studying while he was making dinner.
Saya sedang belajar saat dia membuat makan malam.

While Vina was reading, Theo was watching television
Sementara Vina sedang membaca, Theo sedang menonton televisi

Arif wasn’t working, and I wasn’t working either.
Arif tidak bekerja, dan saya juga tidak bekerja.

What were you doing while you were waiting?
Apa yang kamu lakukan saat kamu menunggu?

Were you listening while he was talking?
Apakah Anda mendengarkan ketika dia berbicara?

Past Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan sesuatu yang kurang menyenangkan di masa lampau, ini mirip dengan penggunaan used to tapi mempunuyai konotasi negatif. Untuk fungsi ini biasanya menggunakan kata-kata seperti always atau constantly.

Contoh :

She was always coming to class late.
Dia selalu datang terlambat ke kelas.

He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.
Dia terus berbicara. Dia mengganggu semua orang.

I didn’t like them because they were always complaining.
Saya tidak suka mereka karena mereka selalu mengeluh.

Kata-kata penunjuk waktu

while Sementara itu
When Kapan

Contoh :

I was studying when she called.
While I was studying, she called.

Struktur Past Continuous Tense

Subject Auxiliary Verb – Main Verb
+ I was – going to the store when Budi called.
He was – going to the store when Budi called.
She was – going to the store when Budi called.
It was – sleeping when he went into the room.
Budi was – going to the store when Budi called.
We were – going to the store when Budi called.
You were – going to the store when Budi called.
They were – going to the store when Budi called.
Ani and Wati were – going to the store when Budi called.
– I was not going to the store when Budi called.
He was not going to the store when Budi called.
She was not sleeping to the store when Budi called.
It was not going when he went into the room.
Budi was not going to the store when Budi called.
We were not going to the store when Budi called.
You were not going to the store when Budi called.
They were not going to the store when Budi called.
Ani and Wati were not going to the store when Budi called.
? Was I going to the store when Budi called.
Was he going to the store when Budi called.
Was she sleeping to the store when Budi called.
Was it going when he went into the room.
Was Budi going to the store when Budi called.
Were we going to the store when Budi called.
Were you going to the store when Budi called.
Were they going to the store when Budi called.
Were Ani and Wati going to the store when Budi called.
  • Dalam Past Continuous Tense menggunakan Auxiliary verb to be (was/were).
  • Auxiliary verb to be (was/were) berubah bentuk sesuai dengan subjeknya.
  • Pada Past Continuous Tense, Main Verb (kata kerja utama) ditambahkan -ing.
  • Untuk membentuk kalimat negatif pada Past Continuous Tense, kata not ditambahkan diantara Auxiliary Verb to be (was/were) dan Main Verb (kata kerja utama).
  • Sedangkan untuk membuat kalimat interogatif, Auxiliary Verb to be diletakkan sebelum subjek.

Kata kerja khusus

Do sebagai full verb

I, He, She, It
+ I was doing an running.
+ I was doing an running.
+ I was doing an running.
+ I was doing an running.
– I was not doing an running.
– I was not doing an running.
– I was not doing an running.
– I was not doing an running.
? Was I doing an running ?
? Was I doing an running ?
? Was I doing an running ?
? Was I doing an running ?

 

We, You, They
+ We were doing an running.
+ You were doing an running.
+ They were doing an running.
– We were not doing an running.
– You were not doing an running.
– They were not doing an running.
? Were we doing an running ?
? Were you doing an running ?
? Were they doing an running ?

Long Form (bentuk panjang) dan Short Form (bentuk pendek) dalam Past Continuous Tense

Dalam past continuous tense bentuk pendek hanya memungkin dalam kalimat negatif, hal ini dikarenakan kalimat dalam past continuous tense menggunakan Auxiliary Verb to be (was/were).

POSITIVE
Long Form Short Form
I was writing –
He, She, It
He was writing –
We,you, they
We were writing –
You were writing –
They were writing –

 

NEGATIVE
Long Form Short Form
I was not writing I wasn’t writing
He, She, It
He was not writing He wasn’t writing
We,you, they
We were not writing We weren’t writing
You were not writing You weren’t writing
They were not writing They weren’t writing

 

Penjelasan Simple Past Tense Lengkap

Penggunaan

Simple past tense digunakan untuk menyatakan aktifitas atau kejadian yang dimulai pada masa lampau dan berakhir pada saat tertentu di masa lampau juga.

Contoh :

I went to the cinema yesterday.
Saya pergi ke bioskop kemarin

He did not wash his car.
Dia tidak mencuci mobilnya.

I did not see a play yesterday.
Saya tidak melihat drama kemarin.

Last year, I did not travel to Gorontalo.
Tahun lalu, saya tidak bepergian ke Gorontalo.

Did you have dinner last night?
Apakah Anda makan malam tadi malam?

Simple past tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan serangkaian kejadian, aktifitas atau peristiwa di masa lampau.

Contoh :

First I got up, then I had breakfast.
Pertama saya bangun, lalu sarapan.

I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
Saya selesai bekerja, berjalan ke pantai, dan menemukan tempat yang bagus untuk berenang.

Simple past tense digunakan untuk membuat keterangan tentang lama durasi suatu peristiwa/aktifitas di masa lampau. Biasanya fungsi ini menyertakan kata-kata seperti for three years, for two minutes, all day, all year dan lain-lain.

Contoh :

They sat at the beach all day.
Mereka duduk di pantai sepanjang hari.

I lived in Surabaya for two years.
Saya tinggal di Surabaya selama dua tahun.

We talked on the phone for twenty minutes.
Kami berbicara di telepon selama dua puluh menit.

Melisa studied Balinese for five years.
Melisa belajar bahasa Bali selama lima tahun.

They did not stay at the party the entire time.
Mereka tidak tinggal di pesta sepanjang waktu.

Simple past tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan kebiasaan di masa lampau. Untuk memperjelas penggambaran tersebut biasanya ditambahkan kata-kata seperti : always, often, usually, never, when I was younger dan lain-lain.

Contoh :

I studied English when I was a child.
Saya belajar bahasa Inggris ketika saya masih kecil.

He played the saxophone.
Dia memainkan saksofon.

She did not play the flute.
Dia tidak memainkan seruling.

Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?
Apakah Anda memainkan alat musik ketika Anda masih kecil?

He worked at the post office after school.
Dia bekerja di kantor pos sepulang sekolah.

Simple past tense juga bisa digunakan untuk menggambarkan fakta atau penilaian terhadap sesuatu yang sekarang penilaian tersebut sudah tidak berlaku.

She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.
Dia pemalu saat kecil, tapi sekarang dia sangat pintar bergaul.

He didn’t like tomatoes before.
Dia tidak suka tomat sebelumnya.

Did you live in Yogyakarta when you were a kid?
Apakah Anda tinggal di Yogyakarta ketika Anda masih kecil?

People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.
Orang membayar lebih banyak untuk melakukan panggilan telepon seluler di masa lalu.

Kata-kata Penunjuk waktu

Yesterday Kemarin
Last night Kemarin malam
Last week Minggu kemarin
Last month Bulan kemarin
Last year Tahun kemarin
A month ago Sebulan yang lalu
Two years ago Dua tahun yang lalu
In 2007 Pada tahun 2007

Struktur Simple Past Tense

Kalimat nominal.

Subject To be (was/were)
 + I was in my room.
 + We were in my room.
 + You were in my room.
 + They were in my room.
 + He was in my room.
 + She was in my room.
 + It was in my room.
 + Budi was in my room.
 + Ani and Wati were in my room.
 – I was not in my room.
 – We were not in my room.
 – You were not in my room.
 – They were not in my room.
 – He was not in my room.
 – She was not in my room.
 – It was not in my room.
 – Budi was not in my room.
 – Ani and Wati were not in my room.
 ? was I in my room ?
 ? were We in my room ?
 ? were You in my room ?
 ? were They in my room ?
 ? was He in my room ?
 ? was She in my room ?
 ? was It in my room ?
 ? was Budi in my room ?
 ? were Ani and Wati in my room ?

Kalimat verbal

Subject Auxiliary Verb Main Verb

(Verb 2)
+ I lived in Yogyakarta.
We played volleyball.
You wrote a letter.
They watched the game.
He gave her much money.
She played with me.
It slept outside.
Budi worked very hard.
Ani and Wati sang a beautiful song.
– I did not live in Yogyakarta.
We did not play volleyball.
You did not write a letter.
They did not watch the game.
He did not give her much money.
She did not play with me.
It did not sleep outside.
Budi did not work very hard.
Ani and Wati did not sing a beautiful song.
? did I live in Yogyakarta.
did We play volleyball.
did You write a letter.
did They watch the game.
did He give her much money.
did She play with me.
did It sleep outside.
did Budi work very hard.
did Ani and Wati sing a beautiful song.

Main Verb (kata kerja utama) dalam kalimat dibawah ini :

  • Untuk kalimat nominal, to be was/were digunakan bentuk to be berubah sesuai dengan subjeknya.
  • Pada Kalimat verbal :
    • Pada regular verbs, akhiran -ed ditambahkan setelah verb 1 (kata kerja).

Untuk kalimat negatif.

  • Pada kalimat nominal, not ditambahkan setelah to be “was/were”.
  • Pada kelimat verbal :
    • Auxiliary verb did setelah subjek kalimat.
    • Ditambahkan not antara auxiliary verb did dan Main Verb (kata kerja utama).

Untuk kalimat pertanyaan.

  • Pada kalimat nominal, to be “was/were” diletakkan sebelum subjek.
  • Pada kalimat verbal, auxiliary verb, ditambahkan did diletakkan sebelum subjek.

Kata kerja khusus dalam simple past tense

be sebagai full verb.

I, He, She, It
+ I was in Yogyakarta
+ He was in Yogyakarta
+ She was in Yogyakarta
– I was not in Yogyakarta
– He was not Yogyakarta
– She was not Yogyakarta
? Was I in Yogyakarta ?
? Was he in Yogyakarta ?
? Was she in Yogyakarta ?

 

We, You, They
+ We were in Yogyakarta.
+ You were in Yogyakarta
+ They were in Yogyakarta
– We were not in Yogyakarta
– You were not Yogyakarta
– They were not Yogyakarta
? Were we in Yogyakarta ?
? Were you in Yogyakarta ?
? Were they in Yogyakarta ?

do sebagai full verb.

I, We, You, They, He, She, It
+ I did an exercise.
+ We did an exercise.
+ You did an exercise.
+ They did an exercise.
+ He did an exercise.
+ She did an exercise.
+ It did an exercise.
– I did not do an exercise.
– We did not do an exercise.
– You did not do an exercise.
– They did not do an exercise.
– He did not do an exercise.
– She did not do an exercise.
– It did not do an exercise.
? Did I do an exercise ?
? Did we do an exercise ?
? Did you do an exercise ?
? Did they do an exercise ?
? Did he do an exercise ?
? Did she do an exercise ?
? Did it do an exercise ?

have sebagai full verb.

I, We, You, They, He, She, It
+ I had a camera.
+ We had a camera.
+ You had a camera.
+ They had a camera.
+ He had a camera.
+ She had a camera.
+ It had a camera.
– I had not a camera.
– I had not a camera.
– I had not a camera.
– I had not a camera.
– I had not a camera.
– I had not a camera.
– I had not a camera.
? Did I have a camera ?
? Did we have a camera ?
? Did you have a camera ?
? Did they have a camera ?
? Did he have a camera ?
? Did she have a camera ?
? Did it have a camera ?

Kesalahan yang biasanya terjadi dalam Simple Past Tense

I was work in Japan. (salah)

I worked in Japan. (benar)

Keterangan : Kata kerja bantu seperti was atau did tidak digunakan dalam kalimat positif.

She worked in Japan ? (salah)

Did she work in Japan ? (benar)

Keterangan : Dalam simple past tense, untuk membentuk kalimat pertanyaan menggunakan kata kerja bantu did.

Demikian penjelasan lengkap tentang Simple Past Tense, Semoga bermanfaat.

Penjelasan Present Perfect Continuous Tense Lengkap

Penggunaan

Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan sesuatu yang dimulai pada masa lampau dan sampai sekarang masaih berhubungan atau masih berlangsung, fokus pada tense ini pada kata kerja/aktifitas. Dalam hal ini kata penunjuk waktu for three minutes, for two weeks, since monday dan lain-lain sering digunakan.

Contoh :

We have been waiting here for over two hours!
Kami telah menunggu di sini selama lebih dari dua jam!

Fauzia has been teaching at the university since August.
Fauzia telah mengajar di universitas sejak Agustus.

She has been waiting for the bus for hours.
Dia telah menunggu bus selama berjam-jam.

I have been working here since 2007
Saya sudah bekerja di sini sejak 2007

What have you been doing for the last 10 minutes?
Apa yang telah kamu lakukan selama 10 menit terakhir?

Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu peristiwa atau kejadian yang baru saja terjadi tanpa menambahkan kata penunjuk waktu (for two weeks, since 2007,etc) tetapi dengan menggunakan kata penunjuk waktu yang lebih umum seperti “baru saja” atau pun tidak menggunakan kata penunjuk waktu sama sekali.

Contoh :

Recently, I have been feeling really tired.
Akhir-akhir ini, saya merasa sangat lelah.

Have you been exercising lately?
Apakah Anda berolahraga belakangan ini?

He has been watching too many videos.
Dia terlalu banyak menonton video.

Munawaroh has been feeling a little depressed.
Munawaroh merasa sedikit tertekan.

Sartika has not been practicing her English.
Sartika belum mempraktikkan bahasa Inggrisnya.

Kata-kata penanda waktu

All day Sepanjang hari
The whole day Sepanjang hari
Since Sejak
For selama

Bentuk Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Subject Auxiliary Verb – Been Verb+ing
 + I have been playing Chess for 3 hours.
 + We have been playing Chess for 3 hours.
 + You have been playing Chess for 3 hours.
 + They have been playing Chess for 3 hours.
 + He has been playing Chess for 3 hours.
 + She has been playing Chess for 3 hours.
+ It has been sleeping For 3 hours.
+ Budi has been playing Chess for 3 hours.
 + Ani and Wati have been playing Chess for 3 hours.
 – I have not been playing Chess for 3 hours.
 – We have not been playing Chess for 3 hours.
 – You have not been playing Chess for 3 hours.
 – They have not been playing Chess for 3 hours.
 – He has not been playing Chess for 3 hours.
 – She has not been playing Chess for 3 hours.
 – It has not been sleeping for 3 hours.
 – Budi has not been playing Chess for 3 hours.
 – Ani and Wati have not been playing Chess for 3 hours.
 ? have I been playing Chess for 3 hours.
 ? have We been playing Chess for 3 hours.
 ? have You been playing Chess for 3 hours.
 ? have They been playing Chess for 3 hours.
 ? has He been playing Chess for 3 hours.
 ? has She been playing Chess for 3 hours.
 ? has It been sleeping for 3 hours.
 ? has Budi been playing Chess for 3 hours.
 ? have Ani and Wati been playing Chess for 3 hours.
  • Auxiliary Verb have, berubah sesuai dengan bentuk subjeknya (have/has).
  • Menggunakan been di antara have/has dan kata kerja utama.
  • Main verb (kata kerja utama) menggunakan bentuk present participle/V+ing
  • Untuk membentuk kalimat negatif, kata not ditambahkan diantara Auxiliary Verb dan been.
  • Untuk membentuk kalimat tanya (interogatif), subjek diletakkan setelah Auxiliary Verb.

Kata kerja khusus dalam Present Perfect Continuous Tense

  • Kata kerja dalam Present Perfect Continuous Tense yang sering digunakan adalah kata kerja yang menggambarkan sebuah proses.
  • Baik Present Perfect maupun Present Perfect Continuous dapat menggunakan kata kerja yang menggambarkan suatu aksi atau tindakan.
  • Kata kerja yang mengungkapkan keadaan (state verb) hanya dapat digunakan dalam Present Perfect.

Do sebagai main verb (kata kerja utama)

I, We, You , They
+ I have been doing an exercise.
+ We have been doing an exercise.
+ You have been doing an exercise.
+ They have been doing an exercise.
– I have not been doing an exercise.
– We have not been doing an exercise.
– You have not been doing an exercise.
– They have not been doing an exercise.
? Have I been doing an exercise ?
? Have we been doing an exercise ?
? Have you been doing an exercise ?
? Have they been doing an exercise ?
He, She, It
+ He has been doing an exercise.
+ She has been doing an exercise
+ It has been doing an exercise.
– He has not been doing an exercise.
– She has not been doing an exercise.
– It has not been doing an exercise.
? Has he been doing an exercise ?
? Has she been doing an exercise ?
? Has it been doing an exercise ?

Bentuk panjang dan bentuk pendek dari Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present Perfect Continuous Tense dibentuk dengan menggunakan auxiliary have, oleh karena itu bentuk kalimat di dalam Present Perfect Tense sering kali dibentuk pendek.

POSITIVE
Long Form Short Form
I, We, You, They I, We, You, They
I have gone I’ve gone
He, She, It He, She, It
He has been going He’s been going

 

NEGATIVE (HAVE NOT)
Long Form Short Form
I, We, You, They I, We, You, They
I have not been going I haven’t been going
He, She, It He, She, It
He has not been going He hasn’t been going

Kesalahan-kesalahan umum yang sering terjadi pada Present Perfect Continuous Tense

We have been wait here for over two hours! (salah)

We have been waiting here for over two hours! (benar)

Keterangan : Karena struktur kalimat present perfect continuous tense adalah have/has been + V+ing

I have sat here for five hours. (salah)

I have been sitting here for five hours. (benar)

Katerangan : Karena kata kerja sat (sit) termasuk dalam non-stative verbs oleh karena itu sering digunakan dalam bentuk continuous + ing.

Demikian penjelasan lengkap dari Present Perfect Continuous Tense, Semoga bermanfaat.

Penjelasan Present Perfect Tense Lengkap

Penggunaan

Present Perfect Tense bisa digunakan untuk membicarakan sesuatu tentang tindakan, aktifitas atau peristiwa yang sudah dikerjakan namun belum selesai sampai saat ini. Dalam Present Perfect Tense kita biasa menggunakan kata-kata seperti how long, since atau for. Kata since digunakan bersama dengan kata penunjuk waktu tetap tertentu (2003, last month, last year ect) sedangkan kata for digunakan bersama kata penunjuk periode waktu tertentu (3 hours, five years, seven months).

Contoh :

I have known Maya since 2003.
Saya sudah kenal Maya sejak 2003.

I have been hungry for hours.
Saya merasakan lapar selama berjam-jam.

She has liked chocolate since I was a child.
Dia menyukai cokelat sejak saya masih kecil.

He is lived in Denpasar for two years.
Dia tinggal di Denpasar selama dua tahun.

We have lived in Yogykarta since 2007.
Kami telah tinggal di Yogykarta sejak 2007.

She has worked here for three months.
Dia telah bekerja di sini selama tiga bulan.

Present Perfect Tense bisa juga digunakan untuk menceritakan pengalaman hidup atau peristiwa yang dialami oleh seseorang yang terjadi kapan saja. Untuk fungsi tersebut present perfect tense biasanya sering menggunakan kata “ever” dan “never”.

Contoh :

I have been to Lombok.
Saya pernah ke Lombok.

They have visited Mecca five times.
Mereka telah mengunjungi Mekah lima kali.

She has never seen that film.
Dia belum pernah melihat film itu.

Present perfect tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu aktifitas atau peristiwa yang berpatokan pada kata penunjuk waktu belum selesai (this month, this week, this year, today) dan hingga saat ini masih berlanjut.

Contoh :

I have not seen him this week.
Saya belum melihat dia(laki-laki) minggu ini.

He is drunk five cups of coffee today.
Dia minum lima cangkir kopi hari ini.

I’ve already moved house twice this year!
Saya sudah pindah rumah dua kali tahun ini!

Present Perfect tense bisa kita gunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu tindakan yang sudah terjadi tetapi peristiwa tersebut masih kita rasakan hasilnya hingga saat ini. Dalam hal ini present perfect tense akan berfokus pada HASIL yang sekarang rasakan akibat kejadian yang sudah terjadi.

Contoh :

I can not find my keys. Have you seen them?
Saya tidak dapat menemukan kunci saya. Kamu pernah melihatnya? HASIL => Saya tidak punya kunci

I have lost my keys.
Saya kehilangan kunci saya. HASIL=> Saya tidak bisa masuk rumah.

I have lost my wallet.
Saya kehilangan dompetku. HASIL=> Sekarang tidak punya dompet.

They have learned English.
Mereka telah belajar Bahasa Inggris. HASIL=> Jadi mereka bisa berbahasa Inggris.

They have missed the bus.
Mereka ketinggalan bus. HASIL=> Jadi mereka bisa terlambat.

Present perfect tense juga bisa digunakan untuk menggambarkan tentang sesuatu yang terjadi belakangan atau peristiwa akhir-akhir ini, walaupun hasilnya tidak dirasakan saat ini bahkan tidak berhubungan apapun dengan sekarang. Dalam hal ini present perfect tense sering menambahkan kata seperti just, yet, already, recently. Namun, penggunaan past simple tense pun dibenarkan.

Contoh :

The President has given a speech.
Presiden telah memberikan pidato.

I have just seen Linda.
Saya baru saja melihat Linda.

We have just got back from our holidays.
Kami baru saja kembali dari liburan kami.

Kata-kata penanda waktu

Just Baru saja
Never Tidak pernah
Already Sudah
Ever Pernah
Up to now Sampai sekarang
Recently Baru-baru ini
Since Sejak
For Selama

Struktur Present Perfect Tense

Kalimat Nominal

Subject Auxiliary Verb Been
+ I Have – Been Here for 3 hours.
We have – Been Here for 3 hours.
You have – Been Here for 3 hours.
They Have – Been Here for 3 hours.
He Has – Been Here for 3 hours.
She Has – Been Here for 3 hours.
It Has – Been Here for 3 hours.
Budi Has – Been Here for 3 hours.
Ani and Wati Have – Been Here for 3 hours.
– I Have not Been Here for 3 hours.
We have not Been Here for 3 hours.
You have not Been Here for 3 hours.
They Have not Been Here for 3 hours.
He Has not Been Here for 3 hours.
She Has not Been Here for 3 hours.
It Has not Been Here for 3 hours.
Budi Has not Been Here for 3 hours.
Ani and Wati Have not Been Here for 3 hours.
? Have I – Been Here for 3 hours.
have We – Been Here for 3 hours.
have You – Been Here for 3 hours.
Have They – Been Here for 3 hours.
Has He – Been Here for 3 hours.
Has She – Been Here for 3 hours.
Has It – Been Here for 3 hours.
Has Budi – Been Here for 3 hours.
Have Ani and Wati – Been Here for 3 hours.

Kalimat verbal

Subject Auxiliary Verb – Main Verb (verb 3) –
+ I Have lived In that house for 3 years.
We have played Football for 3 years.
You have done Your work very well.
They Have gone To Palembang.
He Has typed The letter.
She Has played Outside for an hour.
It Has slept For 3 hours.
Budi Has lived Here since 2007.
Ani and Wati Have waited For a long time.
– I Have not lived In that house for 3 years.
We have not played Football for 3 years.
You have not done Your work very well.
They Have not gone To Palembang.
He Has not typed The letter.
She Has not played Outside for an hour.
It Has not slept For 3 hours.
Budi Has not lived Here since 2007
Ani and Wati Have not waited For a long time.
? Have I lived In that house for 3 years ?
have We played Football for 3 years ?
have You done Your work very well ?
Have They gone To Palembang ?
Has He typed The letter ?
Has She played Outside for an hour ?
Has It slept For 3 hours ?
Has Budi lived Here since 2007 ?
Have Ani and Wati waited For a long time ?
  • Auxiliary verb “have” berubah sesuai dengan apa yang menjadi subjek kalimat.
  • Pada kalimat nominal, kata kerja utama dalam bentuk “been”.
  • Pada kalimat verbal, Main Verb (kata kerja utama) menggunakan bentuk past participle atau Verb 3.
  • Pada kalimat negatif, diantara Auxiliary Verb dan Main Verb (kata kerja utama) ditambahkan kata not.
  • Untuk membuat kalimat pertanyaan, Auxliary Verb diletakkan sebelum subjek.

Kata kerja khusus dalam Present Perfect

Be sebagai full verb

I, We, You, They
+ I have been to Medan.
+ We have been to Medan.
+ You have been to Medan.
+ They have been to Medan.
– I have not been to Medan.
– We have not been to Medan.
– You have not been to Medan.
– They have not been to Medan.
? Have I been to Medan.
? Have We been to Medan.
? Have You been to Medan.
? Have They been to Medan.
He, She, It
+ He has been to Medan.
+ She has been to Medan.
+ It has been there for hours.
– He has not been to Medan.
– She has not been to Medan.
– It has not been there for hours.
? Has he been to Medan ?
? Has she been to Medan ?
? Has it been there for hours ?

Do sebagai full verb

I, We, You, They
+ I have done an exercise.
+ We have done an exercise.
+ You have done an exercise.
+ They have done an exercise.
– I have not done an exercise.
– We have not done an exercise.
– You have not done an exercise.
– They have not done an exercise.
? Have I done an exercise ?
? Have we done an exercise ?
? Have you done an exercise ?
? Have they done an exercise ?
He, She, It
+ He has done an exercise.
+ She has done an exercise.
+ It has done an exercise.
– He has not done an exercise.
– She has not done an exercise.
– It has not done an exercise.
? Has he done an exercise ?
? Has she done an exercise ?
? Has it done an exercise ?

Have sebagai full verb

I, We, You, They
+ I have got a message.
+ We have got a message.
+ You have got a message.
+ They have got a message.
– I have not got a message.
– We have not got a message.
– You have not got a message.
– They have not got a message.
? Have I got a message ?
? Have we got a message ?
? Have you got a message ?
? Have they got a message ?
He, She, It
+ He has got a message.
+ She has got a message.
+ It has got a message.
– He has not got a message.
– She has not got a message.
– It has not got a message.
? Has he got a message ?
? Has she got a message ?
? Has it got a message ?

Bentuk panjang (long form) dan bentuk pendek (short form) dalam Present Perfect.

POSITIVE
Long Form Short Form
I, We, You, They I, We, You, They
I have gone I’ve gone
He, She, It He, She, It
He has gone he’s gone

 

NEGATIVE
Long Form Short Form
I, We, You, They I, We, You, They
I have gone I’ve not gone/I haven’t gone
He, She, It He, She, It
He has gone He’s not gone/He hasn’t gone

 

Penjelasan Present Continuous Tense Lengkap

1. Penggunaan
Present Continuous Tense atau sering juga di sebut Present Progressive Tense, tense ini biasanya hanya menggunakan kata kerja aktif (active verb) jika menggunakan kata kerja statif (stative verb) artinya akan berbeda dan agak janggal.

Present Continuous Tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan aktifitas yang terjadi pada saat bicara, penggunaan kata-kata untuk menegaskan kondisi waktu saat ini sering digunakan seperti : now, right now dan at the moment.

Contoh :

We are studying the Present Continuous right now.
Kami sedang mempelajari Present Continuous sekarang.

Please be quiet. The children are sleeping.
Mohon diam. Anak-anak sedang tidur.

Dimas is reading a book now.
Dimas sedang membaca buku sekarang.

They are playing volleyball.
Mereka sedang bermain bola voli.

They are watching TV at the moment.
Mereka sedang menonton TV saat ini.

Present Continuos Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu rencana yang pasti akan dilakukan dalam waktu dekat, pada kondisi ini Present Continuous mempunyai arti akan.

Contoh :

We are going to Kuala Lumpur next week.
Kami akan ke Kuala Lumpur minggu depan.

I am having lunch with Cindy tomorrow.
Saya akan makan siang dengan Cindy besok.

He is going to Semarang on Sunday.
Dia akan ke Semarang pada hari Minggu.

What are you doing next week?
Apa yang kamu lakukan minggu depan?

They are going to the movies on the weekend.
Mereka akan pergi ke bioskop pada akhir pekan.

Present Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan sesuatu yang tumbuh, berubah atau berkembang.

Contoh :

My English is getting better!
Bahasa Inggris saya menjadi semakin baik!

The climate is changing rapidly.
Iklim berubah dengan cepat.

Technology is getting cheaper all the time.
Teknologi menjadi semakin murah setiap saat.

My hair is finally growing out.
Rambut saya akhirnya tumbuh.

The children are growing up quickly.
Anak-anak tumbuh dengan cepat.

Present Continuous Tense digunakan untuk membicarakan sesuatu yang dianggap sebagai aktifitas atau peristiwa yang bersifat sementara.

Contoh :

I am staying with a friend this week.
Saya tinggal bersama seorang teman minggu ini.

She is living in Manado for a few months.
Dia tinggal di Manado selama beberapa bulan.

I am working in Medan for the next two weeks.
Saya bekerja di Medan selama dua minggu ke depan.

They are staying with us until they find an apartment.
Mereka tinggal bersama kami sampai mereka menemukan apartemen.

She is working as a cashier until I graduate college.
Dia bekerja sebagai kasir sampai saya lulus kuliah.

Present Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan sesuatu yang terjadi secara terus-menerus.

Contoh :

It is always raining in Bogor.
Cuaca selalu hujan di Bogor.

Budi is great. He is always laughing.
Budi luar biasa. Dia selalu tertawa.

I am always forgetting to bring my lunch.
Saya selalu lupa membawa makan siang.

Present Continuous Tense juga digunakan untuk mengemukakan sesuatu yang kurang menyenangkan dan terjadi secara berulang, untuk memperjelas biasanya menggunakan kata-kata seperti always, constantly, forever ect.

Contoh :

She is constantly complaining about something.
Dia terus mengeluh tentang sesuatu.

Dewi is always coming in late.
Dewi selalu datang terlambat.

I wish you weren’t always criticizing me.
Saya berharap Anda tidak selalu mengkritik saya.

Panjul is always asking stupid questions!
Panjul selalu mengajukan pertanyaan bodoh!

Present Continuous Tense juga digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kecendrungan dan trend yang terjadi.

Contoh :

It is getting more expensive to go to university.
Sekolah ke universitas akan semakin mahal.

Our country is getting richer.
Negara kita akan semakin kaya.

More and more people are using their computers to listen to music.
Akan semakin banyak orang menggunakan komputernya untuk mendengarkan musik.

2. Kata-kata penanda waktu

Now Sekarang
For now Untuk saat ini
For a little while Untuk sementara
At the moment Sekarang
At this time Pada saat sekarang
Currently Pada saat sekarang
Presently Pada saat sekarang
Today Hari ini
Tonight Malam ini
This morning Pagi ini
This week Minggu ini
This month Bulan ini
This semester Semester ini
This year Tahun ini

3. Struktur Present Continuous Tense

Subject Auxiliary Verb Verb-ing
 

 

 

+

 I am going to the post office.
We are playing volleyball.
You are reading a book.
They are listening to the radio.
He is watching the movie.
She is having breakfast.
It is walking.
Budi is working at his office.
Ani and Wati are studying their lesson.
 

 

 

–

 I Am not  going to the post office.
We Are not  playing volleyball.
You Are not  reading a book.
They Are not  listening to the radio.
He Is not  watching the movie.
She Is not  having breakfast.
It Is not  walking.
Budi Is not  working at his office.
Ani and Wati Are not  studying  their lesson.
 

 

 

?

 Am I  going to the post office ?
Are We  playing volleyball ?
Are You  reading a book ?
Are They  listening to the radio ?
Is He  watching the movie ?
Is She  having breakfast ?
Is It walking.
Is Budi  working at his office ?
Are Ani and Wati  studying their lesson ?

4. Kata Kerja Khusus pada Present Continuous Tense

Beberapa kata tertentu biasanya tidak digunakan pada present continuous tense seperti : believe, belong, hate, hear, like, dislike, appreciate, notice, observe, agree, fear, love, mean, prefer, remain, realize, see, seem, smell, think, understand, want, wish, know, owe, posses, own, mind.

Tetapi pada kondisi-kondisi tertentu kita bisa menggunakan kata-kata diatas dengan bentuk present continuous tense, kondisi-kondisi tersebut antara lain :

  • Saat sudah terencana dengan pasti. Contoh : She is seeing her mother tomorrow (Dia akan menemui ibunya besok).
  • Have jadi kata kerja yang menggambarkan aktifitas tertentu. Contoh : We are having a great time in Yogyakarta (Kami bersenang-senang di Yogyakarta).
  • Think digunakan saat berada di kondisi yang sedang mengkhawatirkan sesuatu. Contoh : What is the matter with you ? What are you thinking ? (Ada apa dengan mu ? Apa yang kamu pikirkan ?).
  • Digunakan saat ingin menunjukkan emosi atau keadaan perasaan seeorang. Contoh : I am feeling better (Saya merasa lebih baik).

Do sebagai full verb

I
+ I doing an exercise.
– I am not doing an exercise.
? Am I doing an exercise ?
We, You, They
+ We are doing an exercise.
You are doing an exercise.
They are doing an exercise.
– We are not doing an exercise.
You are not doing an exercise.
They are not doing an exercise.
? Are we doing an exercise ?
Are you doing an exercise ?
Are they doing an exercise ?
He, She
+ He is doing an exercise.
She is doing an exercise.
– He is not doing an exercise.
She is not doing an exercise.
? Is he doing an exercise ?
Is she doing an exercise ?

Have sebagai full verb

I
+ I am having a breakfast
– I am not having a breakfast
? Am I having a breakfast
We, You, They
+ We are having a breakfast.
You are having a breakfast.
They are having a breakfast.
– We are not having a breakfast.
You are not having a breakfast.
They are not having a breakfast.
? Are we having a breakfast ?
Are you having a breakfast ?
Are they having a breakfast ?
He, She
+ He is having a breakfast.
She is having a breakfast.
– He is not having a breakfast.
She is not having a breakfast.
? Is he having a breakfast ?
Is she having a breakfast ?

4. Bentuk panjang (long form) dan bentuk pendek (short form) pada present continuos tense

POSITIVE
Long Form Short Form
I
I am studying I’m studying
He, She, It
He is studying He’s studying
She is studying She’s studying
It is sleeping It’s sleeping
We, You, They
We are studying We’re studying
You are studying You’re studying
They are studying They’re studying
NEGATIVE
Long form Short Form
I
I am not studying I’m not studying
He. She, It
He is not studying He’s not studying/He isn’t studying
She is not studying She’s not studying/She isn’t studying
It is not sleeping It’s not sleeping
We, You, They
We are not studying We aren’t studying/We’re not studying
You are not studying You aren’t studying/You’re not studying
They are not studying They aren’t studying/You’re not studying

Demikian penjelasan lengkap Present Continuous Tense, semoga bisa membantu yang ingin mempelajari Bahasa Inggris.

Penjelasan Simple Present Tense Lengkap

Simple Present Tense sangat sering digunakan dalam Bahasa Inggris oleh karena itu sangat penting kita yang sedang mempelajari Bahasa Inggris memahaminya dengan baik.

1. Penggunaan

  • Simple present tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan aktifitas yang terjadi berulang kali dan hal-hal yang kita lakukan dalam waktu yang teratur, seperti kebiasaan, rutinitas dan kecenderungan akan sesuatu hal.

Contoh :

We leave for work at 7:30 AM every morning.
Kami berangkat kerja jam 7:30 setiap pagi.

They often travel to Mecca.
Mereka sering bepergian ke Mekah.

She gets up at 6:00 every day.
Dia bangun jam 6:00 setiap hari.

Sari often meets with her friends after school.
Sari sering bertemu dengan teman-temannya sepulang sekolah.

Pinocchio usually tells lies.
Pinocchio biasanya berkata bohong.

  • Simple Present tense digunakan juga untuk menggambarkan tentang informasi yang faktual, seperti kebenaran umum, fakta ilmiah atau definisi tentang sesuatu.

Contoh :

Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
Air mendidih pada 100 derajat Celsius.

The sky isn’t purple.
Langit tidak berawarna ungu.

The sun rises in the East.
Matahari terbit dari timur.

Denpasar is not in Australia.
Denpasar tidak berada di Australia.

The Elephant doesn’t fly.
Gajah tidak bisa terbang.

  • Simple Present Tense juga digunakan untuk mengungkapkan tentang keadaan atau kondisi suatu hal, seperti mendiskripsikan fisik, perasaan, kepercayaan dan lain-lain.

Contoh :

He is short and has long hair.
Dia pendek dan memiliki rambut panjang.

It smells of fish in the kitchen.
Ada aroma ikan di dapur

I promise I will help you.
Saya berjanji saya akan menolongmu.

Junaidi says he doesn’t know who did it, but I don’t believe him.
Prabowo mengatakan dia tidak tahu siapa yang melakukannya, tapi aku tidak percaya padanya.

I don’t know the answer.
Saya tidak tahu jawabannya.

  • Simple present tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan situasi tertentu dalam kehidupan yang berlangsung relatif lama.

Contoh :

They work at a bank.
Mereka bekerja di bank.

He works as a fireman.
Dia bekerja sebagai seorang pemadam kebakaran.

She has two daughters.
Dia mempunyai dua anak perempuan.

I‘m not Malayan, I‘m Indonesian.
Saya bukan orang Malaysia, Saya orang Indonesia.

I live in Yogyakarta.
Saya tinggal di Yogyakarta.

  • Simple present tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan peristiwa yang terjadi dalam buku, film atau pun sandiwara.

Contoh :

A young man travels through Europe, where he meets different people, and finally falls in love. Seorang pria muda bepergian melalui Eropa, di mana dia bertemu orang yang berbeda, dan akhirnya jatuh cinta.

In this book, the hero saves the princess and marries her.
Dalam buku ini, pahlawan menyelamatkan sang putri dan menikahinya.

The main character is very pretty and works at a café.
Karakter utama sangat cantik dan bekerja di sebuah kafe.

  • Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan jadwal yang akan datang, rencana ke depan yang telah ditetapkan, biasanya jadwal tersebut dibuat oleh pihak tertentu dan tidak bisa kita ubah.

Contoh :

The bus leaves at the noon.
Bus berangkat pada siang hari.

The bus leaves every 20 minutes.
Bus berangkat setiap 20 menit.

School begins at 7:00 AM and ends at 1:00 PM.
Sekolah dimulai pukul 7:00 pagi dan berakhir pada 1:00 siang.

The meeting starts at 2.00 PM.
Pertemuan dimulai pukul 2.00 siang

The plane doesn’t arrive at 1:00 PM, it arrives at 2:30 PM.
Pesawat tidak tiba jam 1:00 siang, tiba jam 2:30 siang.

2. Kata-kata penanda waktu yang sering digunakan pada Simple Present Tense

always selalu
routinely secara rutin
customarily biasanya
most of the time sebagian besar waktu
usually biasanya
normally normalnya
in general secara umum
often sering
frequently sering
occasionally kadang-kadang
sometimes kadang-kadang
rarely jarang
seldom jarang
hardly ever hampir tidak pernah
never tidak pernah
every day setiap hari
every night setiap malam
every week setiap minggu
every month setiap bulan
every year setiap tahun

3. Struktur Simple Present Tense
Kalimat Nominal :

Simple Present dengan “to be”
Subject To be

+

 I  am from Yogyakarta.
We  are happy.
You  are beautiful.
They  are clever students.
He  is a student.
She  is a nice girl.
it  is a cat
Budi  is my teacher.
Ani and Wati  are my sisters

–

 I  am  not from Yogyakarta
We  are  not happy.
You  are  not beautiful.
They  are  not clever students.
He  is  not a student.
She  is  not a nice girl.
it  is  not  a cat.
Budi  is  not my teacher.
Ani and Wati  are  not my sisters.

?

 Am I  from Yogyakarta
Are We happy.
Are You beautiful.
Are They clever students
Is He a student.
Is She  a nice girl.
Is It  a bird.
Is Budi  my teacher
Are Ani and Wati  my sisters
  • Pada “to be” (am/is/are) adalah kata kerja utama yang dipakai dalam kalimat.
  • Ketika “to be” (am/is/are) digunakan sebagai kata kerja utama, maka auxilliary verb “do/does/” tidak digunakan.
  • Bentuk “to be” (am/is/are) berubah sesuai dengan subjeknya.
  • Untuk membuat kalimat negatif, “not” ditambahkan setelah “to be”.
  • Untuk membentuk kalimat pertanyaan, “to be” diletakkan sebelum subjek.

Kalimat Verbal :

Subject Auxiliary Verb Main Verb

+

 I live In Yogyakarta
We play volleyball
You write a book
They ride motorcycle
He plays outside
She Sings a nice song
it tweets
Budi Watches the movie
Ani and Wati Watch the movie

 

Subject Auxiliary Verb – Main Verb

–

 I do not live In Yogyakarta
We do not play volleyball
You do not Write a book
They do not ride motorcycle
He does not Plays outside
She does not Sings A nice song
it does not tweets
Budi does not Watches The movie
Ani and Wati does not Watch The movie

 

Auxiliary Verb Subject Main Verb
?

 

 Do I live In Yogyakarta
Do we play volleyball
Do you write a book
Do they ride motorcycle
Does he plays outside
Does She sings a nice song
Does It tweets
Does Budi watches the movie
Do Ani and Wati watch the movie
  • Pada kalimat positif auxiliary verb “do/does” tidak digunakan.
  • Pada kalimat positif, kata kerja utama (main verb) berubah bentuk sesuai dengan subjeknya (tambahkan akhiran -es pada kata kerja untuk subjek he, she, it).
  • Pada kalimat negatif, auxiliary verb “do/does” + not (do not/don’t) atau does not (doesn’t) ditambahkan setelah subjek.
  • Pada kalimat negatif dan pertanyaan, kata kerja utama menggunakan bentuk kata kerja dasar apa pun subjeknya.
  • Pada kalimat negatif dan pertanyaan, auxiliary verb “do/does” berubah bentuk sesuai dengan subjeknya. Untuk “I, we, you, they” menggunakan “do” sedangkan “he, she, it” menggunakan “does”.

4. Kata kerja khusus dalam Simple Present Tense

a. be sebagai full verb :

I
+ I am from Yogyakarta
– I am not from Yogyakarta
? Am I from Yogyakarta

 

We, You, They
+ We are from Yogyakarta
+ You are from Yogyakarta
+ They are from Yogyakarta
– We are not from Yogyakarta
– You are not from Yogyakarta
– They are not from Yogyakarta
? Are we from Yogyakarta ?
? Are you from Yogyakarta ?
? Are they from Yogyakarta ?

 

He, She, It
+ He is from Yogyakarta
+ She is from Yogyakarta
+ It is a dog
– He is not from Yogyakarta
– She is not from Yogyakarta
– It is not a dog
? Is he from Yogyakarta
? Is she from Yogyakarta
? Is it a dog ?

b. Do sebagai full verb

I, we, you, they
+ I do an exercise
+ We do an exercise
+ You do an exercise
+ They do an exercise
– I do not (don’t) do an exercise
– We do not (don’t) do an exercise
– You do not (don’t) do an exercise
– They do not (don’t) do an exercise
? Do I do an exercise ?
? Do we do an exercise ?
? Do you do an exercise ?
? Do they do an exercise ?

He, She, It
+ He does an exercise.
+ She does an exercise.
+ It does it.
– He does not (doesn’t) do an exercise.
– She does not (doesn’t) do an exercise.
– It does not (doesn’t) do it.
? Does he do an exercise ?
? Does she do an exercise ?
? Does is do it ?

c. Have sebagai full verb.

I, we, you, they
+ I have a pen.
+ We have a pen.
+ You have a pen.
+ They have a pen.
– I do not have a pen.
– We do not have a pen.
– You do not have a pen.
– They do not have a pen.
? Do I have a pen ?
? Do we have a pen ?
? Do you have a pen ?
? Do they have a pen ?

He, she, it
+ He has a pen.
+ She has a pen.
+ It has four legs.
– He does not have a pen.
– She does not have a pen.
– It does not have four legs.
? Does he have a pen ?
? Does she have a pen ?
? Does it have four legs ?

d. Modal auxiliary : can, could, may, must, need, will dll.

Bentuk modal auxiliary tetap sama apa pun bentuk subjeknya (I, He, She, It, We, You, They). Kita tidak perlu menambahkan -s pada modal auxiliary untuk subjek he, she, it :

I, we, you, they, he, she, it
+ I can play badminton.
+ We can play badminton.
+ You can play badminton.
+ They can play badminton.
+ He can play badminton.
+ She can play badminton.
+ It can fly.
– I cannot (can’t) play badminton.
– We cannot (can’t) play badminton
– You cannot (can’t) play badminton.
– They cannot (can’t) play badminton.
– He cannot (can’t) play badminton.
– She cannot (can’t) play badminton.
– It cannot (can’t) fly.
? Can I play badminton ?
? Can we play badminton ?
? Can you play badminton ?
? Can they play badminton ?
? Can he play badminton ?
? Can she play badminton ?
? Can it fly ?

Demikian penjelasan lengkap tentang Simple Present Tense, senoga bisa menjadi tambahan informasi bagi yang ingin belajar Bahasa Inggris.

Pengertian Tenses dalam Bahasa Inggris

Tenses adalah perubahan bentuk kata kerja (verb) yang dipengaruhi oleh sifat dan waktu peristiwa/kejadian, ada 3 tenses utama yang menjelaskan kapan peristiwa tersebut terjadi yaitu, past tense (masa lampau), present tense (masa sekarang) dan future tense (masa depan). Selain waktu tenses juga dipengaruhi oleh sifatnya progressive dan perfective dari suatu kejadian atau peristiwa tersebut. Kedua sifat ini membuat tenses tidak hanya bisa menjelaskan tentang waktu suatu peristiwa itu terjadi tetapi juga bisa menjelaskan suatu kejadian tersebut sudah selesai atau masih berlanjut. Berikut ini akan dijelaskan tenses secara singkat agar kita memperoleh gambaran apa sebenarnya tenses tersebut. Untuk penjelasan lebih detil tentang tenses akan dilanjutkan di artikel tersendiri yang akan membahas tenses satu persatu secara lengkap.

Present Tense
Simple present tense
Simple present digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang dilakukan secara rutin, fakta, kebenaran umum dan keadaan pada saat ini, bisa dikatakan juga untuk menyatakan kejadian saat ini dengan kalimat sederhana.
Rumus umum : Subject + Verb 1
Contoh : Bagus is reading a book. Bagus sedang membaca sebuah buku.

Present continuous/progressive tense
Present continuous tenses digunakan untuk mengungkapkan tentang suatu peristiwa yang terjadi pada pembicaraan itu terjadi.
Rumus umum : Subject + to be present (am/is/are) + verb 1 + ing + O/C
Contoh : He is writing a letter now. Dia sedang menulis sebuah surat sekarang.

Present perfect tense
Present perfect tense digunakan untuk menyatakan tindakan yang terjadi di masa lampau atau tindakan tersebut masih berhubungan dengan masa sekarang. Dalam hal ini waktu kejadian tidak terlalu diperhatikan.
Rumus umum : Subject + have/has + Verb3 + O/C
Contoh : I’ve read this book. Saya telah membaca buku ini.

Present perfect continuous tense
Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan tindakan yang dimulai pada masa lampau dan masih berkaitan/masih berlangsung hingga masa sekarang. Hal ini menitik-beratkan pada tindakan.
Rumus umum : Subject + have/has + been + verb1 + ing + O/C
Contoh : I have been waiting for you for three hours. Saya telah menunggu kamu selama tiga jam.

Past Tense
Simple past tense
Simple past tense menyatakan tindakan yang diawali di masa lampau dan diakhiri pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Rumus umum : Subject + verb2
Contoh : I saw a movie yesterday. Saya melihat sebuah film kemarin.

Past continuous tense
Past continuous tenses digunakan untuk menyatakan adanya suatu tindakan perbuatan atau kejadian yang terjadi pada masa lampau. Dan biasanya ada kejadian lain yang terjadi secara bersamman yang terjadi pada masa lampau juga.
Rumus umum : Subject + was/were + verb1 + ing)
Contoh : While we were having the picnic, it started to rain. Ketika kami sedang piknik, hujan mulai turun.

Past perfect tense
Past perfect tense digunakan untuk menyatakan tindakan yang telah dilakukan sebelum terjadinya tindakan atau perbuatan lain di masa lampau. Dan tenses ini juga menunjukkan suatu tindakan atau perbuatan yang terjadi sebelum masa tertentu di masa lampau.
Rumus umum : Subject + had + verb3
Contoh : I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. Saya tidak punya uang karena saya telah kehilangan dompet saya.

Past perfect continuous tense
Past perfect continuous/progressive digunakan untuk menyatakan tindakan atau perbuata yang mulai dilakukan di masa lampau dan masih berlanjut sampai waktu tertentu atau terjadinya tindakan lain di masa lampau.
Rumus umum : Subject + had + been + verb1 + ing
Contoh : Tony had drunk melon juice when Manda came yesterday. Tony sudah minum jus melon ketika Manda datang kemarin.

Future Tense
Simple future tense
Simple future tense adalah sebuah tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan sebuah kejadian atau peristiwa yang akan dilakukan pada waktu yang akan datang.
Rumus umum :
Subject + will + Verb1 + Object
Subject + To Be (is, am, are) + Going To + Verb1 + Object
Contoh : I will write a letter for my mom tomorrow Tuesday. Saya akan menulis sebuah surat untuk ibu besok selasa.

Future continuous tense
Future continuous/progressive digunakan untuk menyatakan adanya suatu tindakan yang akan tersela (diinterupsi) oleh tindakan lain di masa yang akan datang. Dalam tenses ini ada waktu tertentu yang digunakan untuk merencanakan kapan kejadian tersebut sedang berlangsung.
Rumus umum : Subjek + will + be + verb1 + ing

Contoh : I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.(Saya akan sedang menonton TV ketika dia tiba malam ini)

– Future perfect
Future perfect tenses digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan atau kejadian yang akan sudah terjadi sebelum kejadian lain di masa datang.
Rumus umum : Subjek + will have + Verb 3
Contoh : I am not going to have finished this test by 3 o’clock. Saya belum akan menyelesaikan tes ini pada pukul 3 nanti.

Future perfect continuous tense
Future perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa sesuatu akan terus terjadi hingga kejadian atau waktu tertentu di masa datang.
Rumus umum : Subject + shall/will + have + been + verb-ing + object
Contoh : She is going to have been working at that company for three years when it finally closes. Dia akan sudah masih bekerja di perusahaan it selama 3 tahun ketika ia akhirnya nanti tutup.

Past Future Tense
Simple past future tense
Simple past future tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu tindakan/perbuatan yang akan terjadi di masa lampau, apakah hal tersebut benar terjadi atau tidak itu tidak menjadi perhatian.
Rumus umum : Subjek + Should/would + Be + kata sifat/kata benda/kata keterangan
Contoh : Alex would be here last week but he had to go to his mother’s home. Alex akan disini malam minggu lalu namun dia harus pergi ke rumah ibunya.

Past future continuous tense
Past future continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu tindakan/perbuatan atau kejadian yang seolah-olah akan terjadi pada waktu yang ditentukan pada masa lampau.
Rumus umum : Subject + would be + verb1 + ing
Contoh : She said that she would be coming to my house yesterday. Dia bilang bahwa dia akan datang ke rumahku kemarin.

Past future perfect tense
Past future perfect tense digunakan untuk menyatakan tindakan atau peristiwa yang akan sudah selesai di masa lampau, dalam hal ini kejadian tersebut tidak terjadi atau tidak berhasil dilakukan walaupun sebenarnya bisa dilakukan.
Rumus umum : Subject + would + have + verb3
Contoh : Joko would have arrived on time if he walked faster.  Joko akan sudah tiba tepat waktu jika dia tadi berjalan lebih cepat.

Past future perfect continuous tense
Past future perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu akan terus terjadi hingga kejadian atau waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Rumus umum : Subjek + would/should + have been + verb1 + ing
Contoh : They would have been talking for over an hour by the time John arrived. Mereka sudah dan sedang berbicara selama lebih dari satu jam nanti saat John datang.