Simple Present Tense sangat sering digunakan dalam Bahasa Inggris oleh karena itu sangat penting kita yang sedang mempelajari Bahasa Inggris memahaminya dengan baik.
1. Penggunaan
- Simple present tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan aktifitas yang terjadi berulang kali dan hal-hal yang kita lakukan dalam waktu yang teratur, seperti kebiasaan, rutinitas dan kecenderungan akan sesuatu hal.
Contoh :
We leave for work at 7:30 AM every morning.
Kami berangkat kerja jam 7:30 setiap pagi.
They often travel to Mecca.
Mereka sering bepergian ke Mekah.
She gets up at 6:00 every day.
Dia bangun jam 6:00 setiap hari.
Sari often meets with her friends after school.
Sari sering bertemu dengan teman-temannya sepulang sekolah.
Pinocchio usually tells lies.
Pinocchio biasanya berkata bohong.
- Simple Present tense digunakan juga untuk menggambarkan tentang informasi yang faktual, seperti kebenaran umum, fakta ilmiah atau definisi tentang sesuatu.
Contoh :
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
Air mendidih pada 100 derajat Celsius.
The sky isn’t purple.
Langit tidak berawarna ungu.
The sun rises in the East.
Matahari terbit dari timur.
Denpasar is not in Australia.
Denpasar tidak berada di Australia.
The Elephant doesn’t fly.
Gajah tidak bisa terbang.
- Simple Present Tense juga digunakan untuk mengungkapkan tentang keadaan atau kondisi suatu hal, seperti mendiskripsikan fisik, perasaan, kepercayaan dan lain-lain.
Contoh :
He is short and has long hair.
Dia pendek dan memiliki rambut panjang.
It smells of fish in the kitchen.
Ada aroma ikan di dapur
I promise I will help you.
Saya berjanji saya akan menolongmu.
Junaidi says he doesn’t know who did it, but I don’t believe him.
Prabowo mengatakan dia tidak tahu siapa yang melakukannya, tapi aku tidak percaya padanya.
I don’t know the answer.
Saya tidak tahu jawabannya.
- Simple present tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan situasi tertentu dalam kehidupan yang berlangsung relatif lama.
Contoh :
They work at a bank.
Mereka bekerja di bank.
He works as a fireman.
Dia bekerja sebagai seorang pemadam kebakaran.
She has two daughters.
Dia mempunyai dua anak perempuan.
I‘m not Malayan, I‘m Indonesian.
Saya bukan orang Malaysia, Saya orang Indonesia.
I live in Yogyakarta.
Saya tinggal di Yogyakarta.
- Simple present tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan peristiwa yang terjadi dalam buku, film atau pun sandiwara.
Contoh :
A young man travels through Europe, where he meets different people, and finally falls in love. Seorang pria muda bepergian melalui Eropa, di mana dia bertemu orang yang berbeda, dan akhirnya jatuh cinta.
In this book, the hero saves the princess and marries her.
Dalam buku ini, pahlawan menyelamatkan sang putri dan menikahinya.
The main character is very pretty and works at a café.
Karakter utama sangat cantik dan bekerja di sebuah kafe.
- Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan jadwal yang akan datang, rencana ke depan yang telah ditetapkan, biasanya jadwal tersebut dibuat oleh pihak tertentu dan tidak bisa kita ubah.
Contoh :
The bus leaves at the noon.
Bus berangkat pada siang hari.
The bus leaves every 20 minutes.
Bus berangkat setiap 20 menit.
School begins at 7:00 AM and ends at 1:00 PM.
Sekolah dimulai pukul 7:00 pagi dan berakhir pada 1:00 siang.
The meeting starts at 2.00 PM.
Pertemuan dimulai pukul 2.00 siang
The plane doesn’t arrive at 1:00 PM, it arrives at 2:30 PM.
Pesawat tidak tiba jam 1:00 siang, tiba jam 2:30 siang.
2. Kata-kata penanda waktu yang sering digunakan pada Simple Present Tense
| always | selalu |
| routinely | secara rutin |
| customarily | biasanya |
| most of the time | sebagian besar waktu |
| usually | biasanya |
| normally | normalnya |
| in general | secara umum |
| often | sering |
| frequently | sering |
| occasionally | kadang-kadang |
| sometimes | kadang-kadang |
| rarely | jarang |
| seldom | jarang |
| hardly ever | hampir tidak pernah |
| never | tidak pernah |
| every day | setiap hari |
| every night | setiap malam |
| every week | setiap minggu |
| every month | setiap bulan |
| every year | setiap tahun |
3. Struktur Simple Present Tense
Kalimat Nominal :
|
Simple Present dengan “to be” |
||||
| Subject | To be | |||
|
+ |
I | am | from Yogyakarta. | |
| We | are | happy. | ||
| You | are | beautiful. | ||
| They | are | clever students. | ||
| He | is | a student. | ||
| She | is | a nice girl. | ||
| it | is | a cat | ||
| Budi | is | my teacher. | ||
| Ani and Wati | are | my sisters | ||
|
– |
I | am | not | from Yogyakarta |
| We | are | not | happy. | |
| You | are | not | beautiful. | |
| They | are | not | clever students. | |
| He | is | not | a student. | |
| She | is | not | a nice girl. | |
| it | is | not | a cat. | |
| Budi | is | not | my teacher. | |
| Ani and Wati | are | not | my sisters. | |
|
? |
Am | I | from Yogyakarta | |
| Are | We | happy. | ||
| Are | You | beautiful. | ||
| Are | They | clever students | ||
| Is | He | a student. | ||
| Is | She | a nice girl. | ||
| Is | It | a bird. | ||
| Is | Budi | my teacher | ||
| Are | Ani and Wati | my sisters | ||
- Pada “to be” (am/is/are) adalah kata kerja utama yang dipakai dalam kalimat.
- Ketika “to be” (am/is/are) digunakan sebagai kata kerja utama, maka auxilliary verb “do/does/” tidak digunakan.
- Bentuk “to be” (am/is/are) berubah sesuai dengan subjeknya.
- Untuk membuat kalimat negatif, “not” ditambahkan setelah “to be”.
- Untuk membentuk kalimat pertanyaan, “to be” diletakkan sebelum subjek.
Kalimat Verbal :
| Subject | Auxiliary Verb | Main Verb | ||
|
+ |
I | live | In Yogyakarta | |
| We | play | volleyball | ||
| You | write | a book | ||
| They | ride | motorcycle | ||
| He | plays | outside | ||
| She | Sings | a nice song | ||
| it | tweets | |||
| Budi | Watches | the movie | ||
| Ani and Wati | Watch | the movie |
| Subject | Auxiliary Verb | – | Main Verb | ||
|
–
|
I | do | not | live | In Yogyakarta |
| We | do | not | play | volleyball | |
| You | do | not | Write | a book | |
| They | do | not | ride | motorcycle | |
| He | does | not | Plays | outside | |
| She | does | not | Sings | A nice song | |
| it | does | not | tweets | ||
| Budi | does | not | Watches | The movie | |
| Ani and Wati | does | not | Watch | The movie |
| Auxiliary Verb | Subject | Main Verb | ||
| ?
|
Do | I | live | In Yogyakarta |
| Do | we | play | volleyball | |
| Do | you | write | a book | |
| Do | they | ride | motorcycle | |
| Does | he | plays | outside | |
| Does | She | sings | a nice song | |
| Does | It | tweets | ||
| Does | Budi | watches | the movie | |
| Do | Ani and Wati | watch | the movie |
- Pada kalimat positif auxiliary verb “do/does” tidak digunakan.
- Pada kalimat positif, kata kerja utama (main verb) berubah bentuk sesuai dengan subjeknya (tambahkan akhiran -es pada kata kerja untuk subjek he, she, it).
- Pada kalimat negatif, auxiliary verb “do/does” + not (do not/don’t) atau does not (doesn’t) ditambahkan setelah subjek.
- Pada kalimat negatif dan pertanyaan, kata kerja utama menggunakan bentuk kata kerja dasar apa pun subjeknya.
- Pada kalimat negatif dan pertanyaan, auxiliary verb “do/does” berubah bentuk sesuai dengan subjeknya. Untuk “I, we, you, they” menggunakan “do” sedangkan “he, she, it” menggunakan “does”.
4. Kata kerja khusus dalam Simple Present Tense
a. be sebagai full verb :
|
I |
|
| + | I am from Yogyakarta |
| – | I am not from Yogyakarta |
| ? | Am I from Yogyakarta |
|
We, You, They |
|
| + | We are from Yogyakarta |
| + | You are from Yogyakarta |
| + | They are from Yogyakarta |
| – | We are not from Yogyakarta |
| – | You are not from Yogyakarta |
| – | They are not from Yogyakarta |
| ? | Are we from Yogyakarta ? |
| ? | Are you from Yogyakarta ? |
| ? | Are they from Yogyakarta ? |
| He, She, It | |
| + | He is from Yogyakarta |
| + | She is from Yogyakarta |
| + | It is a dog |
| – | He is not from Yogyakarta |
| – | She is not from Yogyakarta |
| – | It is not a dog |
| ? | Is he from Yogyakarta |
| ? | Is she from Yogyakarta |
| ? | Is it a dog ? |
b. Do sebagai full verb
|
I, we, you, they |
|
| + | I do an exercise |
| + | We do an exercise |
| + | You do an exercise |
| + | They do an exercise |
| – | I do not (don’t) do an exercise |
| – | We do not (don’t) do an exercise |
| – | You do not (don’t) do an exercise |
| – | They do not (don’t) do an exercise |
| ? | Do I do an exercise ? |
| ? | Do we do an exercise ? |
| ? | Do you do an exercise ? |
| ? | Do they do an exercise ? |
|
He, She, It |
|
| + | He does an exercise. |
| + | She does an exercise. |
| + | It does it. |
| – | He does not (doesn’t) do an exercise. |
| – | She does not (doesn’t) do an exercise. |
| – | It does not (doesn’t) do it. |
| ? | Does he do an exercise ? |
| ? | Does she do an exercise ? |
| ? | Does is do it ? |
c. Have sebagai full verb.
|
I, we, you, they |
|
| + | I have a pen. |
| + | We have a pen. |
| + | You have a pen. |
| + | They have a pen. |
| – | I do not have a pen. |
| – | We do not have a pen. |
| – | You do not have a pen. |
| – | They do not have a pen. |
| ? | Do I have a pen ? |
| ? | Do we have a pen ? |
| ? | Do you have a pen ? |
| ? | Do they have a pen ? |
|
He, she, it |
|
| + | He has a pen. |
| + | She has a pen. |
| + | It has four legs. |
| – | He does not have a pen. |
| – | She does not have a pen. |
| – | It does not have four legs. |
| ? | Does he have a pen ? |
| ? | Does she have a pen ? |
| ? | Does it have four legs ? |
d. Modal auxiliary : can, could, may, must, need, will dll.
Bentuk modal auxiliary tetap sama apa pun bentuk subjeknya (I, He, She, It, We, You, They). Kita tidak perlu menambahkan -s pada modal auxiliary untuk subjek he, she, it :
|
I, we, you, they, he, she, it |
|
| + | I can play badminton. |
| + | We can play badminton. |
| + | You can play badminton. |
| + | They can play badminton. |
| + | He can play badminton. |
| + | She can play badminton. |
| + | It can fly. |
| – | I cannot (can’t) play badminton. |
| – | We cannot (can’t) play badminton |
| – | You cannot (can’t) play badminton. |
| – | They cannot (can’t) play badminton. |
| – | He cannot (can’t) play badminton. |
| – | She cannot (can’t) play badminton. |
| – | It cannot (can’t) fly. |
| ? | Can I play badminton ? |
| ? | Can we play badminton ? |
| ? | Can you play badminton ? |
| ? | Can they play badminton ? |
| ? | Can he play badminton ? |
| ? | Can she play badminton ? |
| ? | Can it fly ? |
Demikian penjelasan lengkap tentang Simple Present Tense, senoga bisa menjadi tambahan informasi bagi yang ingin belajar Bahasa Inggris.